$27.2 billion was global public agricultural R&D spending in 1991, rising to $48.9 billion in 2016, in constant 2015 purchasing power parity dollars (PPP$) (USDA, 2024).
USDA, 2024
USDA.2024. World Agricultural Production, Resource Use, and Productivity, 1961–2020. https://opsaa.iica.int/resource-1366-produccion-agricola-mundial,-uso-y-productividad,-1961-2020