Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies
10% of global agricultural land is affected by waterlogging or severe drainage constraints, reducing crop growth and agricultural productivity.
4.3% was the average reduction in global annual rice yields between 1980 and 2015 due to flooding; losses reached 14% along China's eastern coast.
More than 60% of irrigated cropland experiences high water stress, while 11% of rainfed cropland and 14% of pastureland are affected by frequent droughts.
21% is the average reduction in wheat yields caused by mild drought conditions; rice yields decrease by 17% on average.
3 billion additional people could be exposed to water stress by 2050 when water quality is incorporated into water scarcity assessments.
USD 1.1 billion in estimated economic losses were recorded for California's agricultural sector during the 2021 drought.
82% is the probability that El Niño will develop by July 2026, according to a forecast cited by Reuters.
More than 20% is NOAA’s estimated probability of an extreme version of El Niño occurring, although experts warn that uncertainty remains.
60% is the approximate probability assigned by Enfen to a weak El Niño event in Peru during 2026.
Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Ethiopia and Indonesia face an average of 144 days a year with heat that is harmful to coffee, almost four months under heat stress (El País, 2026).
