Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies
Approximately 9,000 years has the domestication process of Teosinte from Mexico and Central America until becoming the corn we know today, thanks to the systematic selection work by Mesoamerican indigenous peoples (Velásquez, A., 2025).
190 thousand million metric tons annually reach the volume of international corn trade, a cereal that evolved from teosinte thanks to domestication by the Aztecs and other indigenous peoples of Mexico and Central America (Velásquez, A., 2025).
2,800 million dollars annually represent Mexico's avocado exports to the world, positioning itself as the main global exporter of this fruit, followed by Peru with approximately 1,200 million dollars (Velásquez, A., 2025).
More than 130 thousand metric tons of avocado are imported from Mexico for guacamole preparation during the American Superbowl, evidencing the cultural and commercial impact of this product in the North American market (Velásquez, A., 2025).
100 years ago, in the 1920s, American postman and farmer Rudolph Hass created the avocado variety that bears his surname, combining Mexican and Guatemalan genes to obtain superior commercial characteristics (Velásquez, A., 2025).
Between 7000 and 8000 years B.C. date the records of the origin of avocado in Mexico and Central America, being one of the crops with the greatest archaeological documentation in the American continent (Velásquez, A., 2025).
2.7% agricultural growth in Mexico in the last decade was explained by the higher use of primary factors, while Total Factor Productivity (TFP) grew by 1.2% annually between 2012 and 2021, slightly exceeding the world average (OECD, 2024).
4% maintained Mexico in distorting aid between 2001 and 2007, below Canada (6.1%), but higher than United States (3.1%), European Union (2.9%) and Brazil (1.8%) (CEDRSSA, 2015, p. 17).
589.3 million pesos was reported by Mexico as Global Measure of Aid in 2007, representing a low level of utilization of its agricultural sector support capacity (CEDRSSA, 2015, p. 6).
488.1 million pesos was the Total Aggregate Aid Measure reported by Mexico in 2005, representing only 1.94 % of the allowed margin and evidencing an underutilization of the instrument (SAGARPA, FAO, & Silva Torrealba, 2007, p. 19).
