Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies
275 million carbon credits were issued by independent crediting mechanisms (58% of the 475 million in 2022) (World Bank, 2023).
Almost USD 95 billion was the revenue from carbon taxes and ETSs globally (World Bank, 2023).
23% of GHG emissions were covered by ETSs and carbon taxes (World Bank, 2023).
Less than 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions are covered by a direct carbon price (World Bank, 2023).
USD 500 billion was the public expenditure in 2022 to reduce energy bills, 70% represented by Europe (IAEA, 2022).
USD 0.90 was the average decrease in Net Effective Carbon Rates (NECR) in 2021 due to fossil fuel subsidies (World Bank, 2023).
It was 3 times higher fossil fuel tax than carbon price in 2021 (World Bank, 2023).
67 out of 71 countries evaluated by the OECD had indirect carbon prices in the form of fuel taxes, only 39 had a carbon tax or ETS (World Bank, 2023).
45% of current global emissions should be reduced to reach 1.5°C of global warming (UNEP, 2022).
USD 100 trillion is the debt of the developing world as a consequence of the energy crisis in 2023 (I. Shine, 2023).
