Impact of the El Niño phenomenon in Venezuela. 2023-2024 season

Official technical report on the impact of the El Niño phenomenon in Venezuela during the 2023-2024 season, prepared in the context of national climate monitoring by INAMEH, MINEC and the National Observatory of the Climate Crisis. The document explains the nature of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), its main oceanic and atmospheric indicators, and its historical effects on Venezuela, where El Niño conditions are usually associated with below-average rainfall and higher temperatures. The report analyzes the 2023 rainy season and the beginning of the 2023-2024 dry season, identifying positive anomalies in mean maximum temperatures across several regions of the country and an average precipitation deficit of 16 percent between May and November 2023 compared with the 1991-2020 climate normal. It also reports precipitation deficits above 20 percent between December 2023 and January 2024 and above-normal mean maximum temperatures across the national territory. The resource includes graphs, maps and seasonal forecasts on sea surface temperature, accumulated precipitation and ENSO probabilities, and is relevant for monitoring climate risks, drought, water management, agriculture, food security and anticipatory planning for extreme climate events in Venezuela.