Commodities from Amazon Biome: A Guide to Choosing Sustainable Paths
11/05/2025
Description
Peer-reviewed article (Commodities, MDPI, 2025) comparing three production systems—monoculture, agroforestry and extractivism—for cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and açaí (Euterpe oleracea) in the Brazilian Amazon, using environmental life cycle assessment (E-LCA carbon footprint), social life cycle assessment (S-LCA, workers) and economic analysis (net profit, NPV). Cocoa monoculture had the highest carbon footprint (1.35 tCO₂eq/ha) and extractivism the lowest (0.25 tCO₂eq/ha); açaí monoculture yielded the highest net profit (USD 6,783.44/ha). Child labor and gender discrimination were the most negative social subcategories. The study concludes that responsibly managed extractivism and agroforestry offer the best balance between profitability and forest conservation.