Bibliometric analysis of water resource quality conservation in agroecological structures

This document is a bibliometric and systematic analysis that examines the relationship between agroecological structures—particularly agroforestry systems—and water resource conservation and quality. Using the Web of Science database and employing graph theory along with tools such as VOSviewer and Tree of Science, the authors identified and classified 61 references (2014–2023) into three categories: roots (classical), trunk (structural), and branches-leaves (recent). The study follows PRISMA guidelines to ensure reproducibility. Among the bibliometric findings, the United States and China stand out as leading countries, Chen Hung-Chih as the most cited author, and the journal Sustainability as having the greatest impact on the topic. In terms of substantive results, the study concludes that agroforestry systems are fundamental for conserving and improving water quality: they reduce nutrient leaching into groundwater by up to 97.7% (nitrogen) and 90% (phosphorus), mitigate pesticide runoff, and improve soil water infiltration and retention. The authors point to additional benefits in erosion control, carbon sequestration, climate change adaptation, and potential integration with fish farming. However, they identify knowledge gaps (long-term impacts, biofiltration of emerging contaminants, hydrological models) and emphasize the need for public policies, economic incentives, and payment for environmental services programs that promote the development, research, and implementation of these systems.