Productivity, Soil Health, and Tree Diversity in Dynamic Cacao Agroforestry Systems in Ecuador

Agroforestry has the potential to enhance livelihoods resilience, soil health, and biodiversity compared to monoculture. In Ecuador, UNOCACE has promoted since 2016 the transition of cacao farms into dynamic agroforestry systems including timber and fruit trees. This study finds that while tree numbers increase, cacao production and income remain stable, with no significant difference in productivity per labor day. Further long-term research is needed to assess future benefits, particularly regarding soil health.