Crop–livestock-integrated farming system: a strategy to achieve synergy between agricultural production, nutritional security, and environmental sustainability

This study presents an Integrated Farming System (IFS) model as a solution to challenges like climate change, land degradation, and food insecurity. Implemented on one hectare of irrigated upland in the semi-arid tropics, the system integrates crops, livestock, poultry, vermicompost, and home gardens. Results showed significant improvements in productivity, income, and rural employment, along with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The model stands out as a sustainable and cost-effective option to support smallholder farmers' livelihoods.