Subnational bioeconomy: Visions and roadmap in Valle del Cauca, Colombia

In the world, nearly 60 countries have bioeconomy policies (Global Bioeconomy Summit 2020). Most of these policies have been developed at the national level, although there are also initiatives at both the regional level (e.g. European Union, East Africa) and the subnational level. This is because the bioeconomy operates at all levels, from the local to the global, and includes different sectors and actors in the production, transport, transformation, marketing and consumption of bioresources, as well as their derived products and services. Subnational levels provide the context in which the bioeconomy operates in a practical way and in which sustainability can be assessed, in part because competition between different resource uses is more evident (Wohlfahrt et al. 2019). The subnational level is important to understand the dynamics of transition from sectoral visions (e.g. bioenergy) or from specific value chains, to multisectoral visions