Agricultural productivity growth has the potential to create returns to farmer at all scales of production, society, the environment, and the economy. However, since 2011, average annual agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) growth has consistently fallen below the target growth rate required to sustainably meet global needs for agricultural outputs by 2050. Now, we must redouble our efforts to sustainably grow TFP. While research and development (R&D) is a key driver of TFP growth, there are many existing proven tools for sustainably improving TFP. In addition, the wider enabling environment, influences of behavior and decision-making, and external shocks and forces influence access to and sustained adoption of these proven tools. From research to stories from the field, the 2023 GAP Report® explores the opportunities and barriers to farmer access and adoption of proven, appropriate tools for sustainable agricultural productivity growth.