The first State of the World's Soil report highlights its critical importance, underscoring how its proper management is vital to human well-being by facilitating the flow of essential elements and water. However, poor management can represent a bleak future. Focusing on land, ecosystems and earth systems, the report is framed within relevant international conventions. Based on a review of more than 2000 scientific publications, the report warns of alarming consequences if current trends are not changed, warning of catastrophic impacts on vulnerable areas and the lack of global preparedness to address this challenge.