The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997, is an international agreement that is part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It is designed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and combat global climate change. Annex I Parties (mainly developed countries) have quantified emissions reduction commitments, while non-Annex I Parties (mainly developing countries) receive support to achieve sustainable development and contribute to overall emissions objectives. Convention. The Protocol establishes a "cap and trade" scheme, where each country has a limit of emissions that it can emit. Countries that emit less than their quota can sell their surpluses to other countries. The main lines of action include national measures to limit emissions, promotion of renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and promoting sustainable practices in sectors such as forestry and agriculture. In addition, it establishes market mechanisms to encourage emissions reduction, such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which allows countries with emission commitments to finance emissions reduction projects in developing countries.