Colombia: Decree 1840 of 1994 - Regulatory Decree Implementing Article 65 of Law 101 of 1993

Implements Article 65 of Law 101 of 1993 and establishes Colombia's national regulatory framework for agricultural health protection, defining the ICA's authority over animal health, plant health, and the technical control of agricultural inputs, seeds, and animal genetic material. It creates the National Agricultural Protection System, integrating the Ministry of Agriculture, ICA, and departmental agriculture secretariats, with animal and plant health advisory councils that include the private sector and producer associations. The decree regulates quarantine campaigns for pests and diseases of national importance, border controls for imports and exports, and epidemiological surveillance systems backed by accredited laboratory networks. A mandatory registration regime is established for agricultural inputs—including pesticides, biological products, and seeds—alongside procedures for declaring sanitary emergencies with producer compensation mechanisms. Administrative sanctions and ICA coordination with the Ministries of Health and Environment on zoonotic diseases and toxic residues in food are also provided for.