Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act

The Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act (S.C. 2021, c. 22) establishes the legal framework for achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, based on the best available scientific information and Canada's international commitments under the Paris Agreement. The Act requires the establishment of national greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets for milestone years 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045, along with detailed emissions reduction plans that describe key measures, sectoral strategies, and federal government operations strategies. The framework includes robust transparency and accountability mechanisms through regular progress reports, assessment reports, and the participation of an independent Net-Zero Advisory Body that provides expert advice and conducts engagement activities related to achieving net-zero emissions. The Act also contemplates collaboration with Indigenous peoples by taking into account Indigenous knowledge, coordination with provinces and other governments, and oversight by the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development who examines and reports on the implementation of climate change mitigation measures every five years.