Establishes criminal and administrative sanctions applicable to harmful conduct and activities against the environment in Brazil, defining crimes against fauna, flora, urban planning, cultural heritage, and environmental administration. Determines the responsibility of individuals and legal entities for environmental crimes, allowing the disregard of legal entity when it becomes an obstacle to compensate environmental damages. Provides alternative penalties such as community service, suspension of activities and temporary interdiction, prioritizing the remediation of environmental damage and establishing specific procedures for the investigation and prosecution of environmental infractions.