Establishes the precepts that govern the conservation and sustainable management of forest heritage, under guidelines of sustainable and endogenous development. It implements an institutional framework for forest management that includes shared responsibility between different levels of government and citizen participation, also creating the National Forest Fire Protection System. It promotes forest culture, forest research and information systems for the comprehensive management of forest resources. Regulates the use, exploitation and conservation of forest heritage through prior control instruments, incorporating economic incentives and a sanctioning regime to guarantee environmental, social and economic sustainability.