The conservation of the Amazon forests requires investments to address the national agenda as well as regional issues. The Program’s Theory of Change builds on the notion that if an adequate area of the Amazon is conserved under various regimes (protected areas and indigenous lands), if agriculture, degraded and forest lands are managed sustainably and with zero illegal deforestation tolerance, if national policies and strategies support sustainable development aiming to minimize deforestation and loss of ecosystem services and if regional cooperation & capacity building of key players improves, the protection of significant biodiversity of the Amazon region can be achieved and policies can be changed to promote sustainable land use and restoration of native vegetation cover in the Amazon.