Evidencia

Gestation length Holstein cows El Salvador

Gestation length of Holstein cows in El Salvador: Average: 274.7 days (Castro-Montoya, 2023)

Birth weight og Holstein cows El Salvador

Birth weight of Holstein cows in El Salvador: Average birth weight: 34.45 kg (Castro-Montoya, 2023)

Lactation peak in dairy cows El Salvador

Peak lactation in dairy cows in El Salvador. Holstein: 27.4 kg/day 63 Brown Swiss: 24.0 kg/day 64 Jersey: 21.3 kg/day 58.6 kg (Castro-Montoya, 2023)

Milk yield per lactation in dairy cows

Milk production at 305 days in dairy cows in El Salvador, Total production (305 d): Holstein: 6580 kg Brown Swiss: 5750 kg Jersey: 5049 kg (Castro-Montoya, 2023)

Cows in first, second or more calvings

Proportion of cows with first, second, or more calvings in El Salvador: First-calf cows: 40%; Second-calf cows: 26%; Three-calf or more cows: 34% (Castro-Montoya, 2023)

Postpartum diseases in dairy cows

Retained placenta was observed in 304 cases out of 2685 available records, IUI were observed in 1397 cases out of 3320 records, and mastitis occurrence before the median frst service was observed in 511 cows out of 3290 records (Castro-Montoya et al., 2022)

Reproductive parameters in dairy cattle

In El Salvador, days to first service: 76.3 Services per conception: 3.12 Days open: 187.5 (Castro-Montoya et al., 2022)

GHG emissions bovine livestock El Salvador

Total annual emissions: 2,449,672 t CO2-Eq Breakdown: 175,297 t CO2-Eq nitrous oxide (fertilizers) 790,465 t CO2-Eq manure management (608,871 t CO2-Eq methane and 181,594 t CO2-Eq nitrous oxide) 1,483,910 t CO2-Eq enteric fermentation) (IICA, 2024)

Women cattle producers in El Salvador

Proportion of women producers by production system: Dairy: 5% Beef cattle: 35% Dual-purpose cattle -Large areas: 6% -Medium areas: 12% -Small areas: 17% -Subsistence - high density: 23% -Subsistence - low density: 19% (IICA, 2024)