Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies
80% of terrestrial biodiversity is home to forests according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Larrea et al., 2021).
2.6 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide are absorbed by forests every year, making them critical for climate change mitigation (Larrea et al., 2021).
4.7 million hectares per year represents the global net loss of forest area from 2010 to 2020, a reduction from 7.8 million hectares annually in the 1990s (Larrea et al., 2021).
December 31, 2020 represents the cutoff date from which the regulation applies to deforestation and forest degradation that occurred thereafter (Sarmiento, 2025).
0.5 hectares as minimum area, trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10% define the technical criteria to classify land as forest under the European Deforestation Regulation (Sarmiento, 2025).
Between 80% and 90% of forest-related businesses in the majority of developing countries are small and locally operated, with small-scale enterprises accounting for over half of all employment in the forest sector (Sarmiento, 2025).
Survey of 130 goat producers in Piura (Marcavelica, Lancones, La Brea) found 56.9 % recognized climate change, perceiving impacts on temperature (69.9 %), rainfall (100 %), soil productivity (79.2 %), and water availability (50 %). Four adaptation capacity clusters emerged: excellent (6 %), good (23 %), fair (75 %), and poor (25 %) (Temoche et al., 2024).
In the Ucayali Amazon, forest fragments (biodiversity islands) within agricultural landscapes are essential to conserve dominant species, maintain connectivity and design conservation strategies in territories already transformed by cattle ranching and monocultures. (Clavo & Vela, 2022).
This study explores the shift toward a more sustainable oil palm policy in Peru, driven by environmental pressures and tensions with Indigenous peoples. Peru's oil palm policy shifted discursively toward sustainability, albeit without formal approval or Indigenous consultation, which generated tensions in its implementation (La Rosa Salazar, M. A., 2021).
The study identifies contradictions and methodological gaps in research on the Coffee Cultural Landscape, and concludes that its heritage management faces unresolved tensions between institutional discourses and territorial realities (Cruz-Rincón, D. F. , 2024).
