Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies
Urea prices have risen by up to 50% internationally due to the conflict in the Middle East (La Nación, 2026).
20% of the total demand for phosphates in Brazil could be affected by the projected deficit (Canuto, 2026).
The agricultural sector is undergoing a profound transformation: in 2025, the country achieved a production of over 700,000 tons of rice for the first time.( Ali, M. I., y Mustapha, Z. , 2025)
Peru's agricultural production grew by 5.64% in January 2026 compared to the same month the previous year, driven by an increase in the area under cultivation and favorable weather conditions.
Rising borrowing costs are increasing the potential economic burden of disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz. Following the military escalation, sovereign bond yields rose by between 0.24 and 0.64 percentage points, reaching as high as 7.1%.
33% of global maritime fertilizer trade (16 Mt) passes through the Strait of Hormuz, and in some countries, up to 54% of imports come from the Persian Gulf. During the last energy crisis, the natural gas index exceeded 1,000, while nitrogen fertilizers exceeded 700 (urea) and 900 (DAP).
Freight rates for oil tankers rose (BDTI +54% and BCTI +72%), while marine fuel prices increased by up to +99% for low-sulfur fuel and +100% for high-sulfur fuel, driving up transportation costs in global supply chains.
The price of Brent crude rose by 27%, reaching approximately $91.80 per barrel, while the price of European natural gas (TTF) rose by 74%, reaching nearly €55.80 per MWh.
Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Ethiopia and Indonesia face an average of 144 days a year with heat that is harmful to coffee, almost four months under heat stress (El País, 2026).
75% of the world's coffee is produced by just five countries: Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Ethiopia and Indonesia (El País, 2026).
