Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies
19 FTAs mention Voluntary Sustainability Standards or related terms such as "eco-labelling", "sustainability standards" or "certifications" according to UNFSS (Larrea et al., 2021).
300 different types of environmental provisions have been identified in 730 trade agreements according to OECD (Larrea et al., 2021).
The article analyzes the historical evolution of innovation, research, and technological development policies in the Bolivian agricultural sector, identifying five stages of institutional transformation and their main limitations.
4% maintained Mexico in distorting aid between 2001 and 2007, below Canada (6.1%), but higher than United States (3.1%), European Union (2.9%) and Brazil (1.8%) (CEDRSSA, 2015, p. 17).
28% of rural households received remittances in 2008, becoming an important source of foreign exchange for the country (Martín Manzano, 2012).
27 million people in LAC lived on less than 1USD per day and 170 million on less than 2USD per day (ASTI, 2009).
The poorest and richest 20% of the population in LAC receive 60% of the income (ASTI, 2009).
200 years after its formulation, the postulates of the classical trade theory by Smith and Ricardo remain valid as a theoretical basis for understanding the gains from international trade (Umaña, 2009).
50% of the differences in income and growth observed in Latin America correspond to differences in total factor productivity, attributed to technological progress and innovation (Umaña, 2009).
3 main mechanisms explain the gains from trade: specialization according to comparative advantages, exploitation of economies of scale, and increased productivity through the selection of efficient companies (Umaña, 2009).
