Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies
4.7 million hectares per year represents the global net loss of forest area from 2010 to 2020, a reduction from 7.8 million hectares annually in the 1990s (Larrea et al., 2021).
December 31, 2020 represents the cutoff date from which the regulation applies to deforestation and forest degradation that occurred thereafter (Sarmiento, 2025).
5 years represents the minimum period during which operators must collect, organize, and retain information, documents, and data demonstrating compliance from the date the product is placed on the market or exported (Sarmiento, 2025).
0.5 hectares as minimum area, trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10% define the technical criteria to classify land as forest under the European Deforestation Regulation (Sarmiento, 2025).
Between 80% and 90% of forest-related businesses in the majority of developing countries are small and locally operated, with small-scale enterprises accounting for over half of all employment in the forest sector (Sarmiento, 2025).
This study explores the shift toward a more sustainable oil palm policy in Peru, driven by environmental pressures and tensions with Indigenous peoples. Peru's oil palm policy shifted discursively toward sustainability, albeit without formal approval or Indigenous consultation, which generated tensions in its implementation (La Rosa Salazar, M. A., 2021).
100% of PES in Nicaragua focus on water protection and schemes in carbon trade planning and silvopastoral systems (Bosselmann, 2008).
5.7 million hectares of eucalyptus has Brazil for timber, energy and construction production (Da Silva R. F. F. B. et al., 2019).
15% increased wood use efficiency between 1961 and 2022 (FAO, 2024).
Nearly 6 billion people use non-timber forest products (FAO, 2024).
