Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies
70% of Argentine wineries' grape needs comes from subcontracting by 2000, increasing from approximately 50% in the 1980s, despite the asset-specific nature of grape development (McDermott, 2005).
40% of total Argentine wine export sales is generated by the top five firms, while the top 20 account for approximately 70% (McDermott, 2005).
50% of the $1-1.5 billion invested in the Argentine wine industry between 1991 and 2003 came from foreign direct investment, mainly concentrated after 1996 (McDermott, 2005).
90.62% of Argentine wine exports between 2000-2003 came from Mendoza, while San Juan only contributed 6.40%, showing a huge regional disparity (McDermott, 2005).
200 wine exporting companies in Argentina by 2003 represented less than a third of the total active wineries, showing a considerable concentration of export activity (McDermott, 2005).
10% of wine companies in Argentina are cooperatives, many of which emerged as a result of specific policies to strengthen small producers (McDermott, 2005). Mención: El 10% de las empresas vitivinícolas en Argentina son cooperativas, muchas de las cuales surgieron como resultado de políticas específicas para fortalecer a los pequeños productores (McDermott, 2005).
70% of Argentine wine exports are sold in the United States, European Union, and Japan, demonstrating their competitiveness in sophisticated and competitive markets (McDermott, 2005).
Between 2.3 and 5.1 days per decade, spring has advanced globally, altering seed germination (Parmesan & Yohe, 2003).
14.8 billion dollars was the base amount of export subsidies from the European Union, reducing to 9.4 billion dollars in 2000, making it the world's largest provider of such support (de Gorter, Ingco, & Ruiz, 2002, p. 4).
In 1999, the United States granted US$132 per hectare as a corn subsidy, three times more than the US$42 per hectare granted by Mexico (Arroyo, 2009).
