Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies
Agriculture contributes 8% of GDP and 64% of exports (2016) in Argentina.
The article analyzes the historical evolution of innovation, research, and technological development policies in the Bolivian agricultural sector, identifying five stages of institutional transformation and their main limitations.
19 FTAs mention Voluntary Sustainability Standards or related terms such as "eco-labelling", "sustainability standards" or "certifications" according to UNFSS (Larrea et al., 2021).
300 different types of environmental provisions have been identified in 730 trade agreements according to OECD (Larrea et al., 2021).
28% of rural households received remittances in 2008, becoming an important source of foreign exchange for the country (Martín Manzano, 2012).
50% of the differences in income and growth observed in Latin America correspond to differences in total factor productivity, attributed to technological progress and innovation (Umaña, 2009).
3 main mechanisms explain the gains from trade: specialization according to comparative advantages, exploitation of economies of scale, and increased productivity through the selection of efficient companies (Umaña, 2009).
200 years after its formulation, the postulates of the classical trade theory by Smith and Ricardo remain valid as a theoretical basis for understanding the gains from international trade (Umaña, 2009).
60% of global supply chains have evolved from structures dominated by large producers or retailers to include capable and influential first-tier suppliers, often based in advanced developing countries such as South Korea or Taiwan (Sabel & Reddy, 2006).
