Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies
100% of the analyzed VSS include required criteria to maintain critical and sensitive ecosystems, except Fairtrade which has it as recommended (Larrea et al., 2021).
1 support fund has been established by RSPO to cover training or audit costs and help smallholder farmers implement improved agricultural practices and become certified (Larrea et al., 2021).
1 new portal (FIS GIS and Earth Observation Portal) has been launched by FSC that will enable auditors to access geospatial information of FSC-compliant forest areas in real time (Larrea et al., 2021).
100% of certified cocoa farmers in West Africa must provide their specific GPS coordinates to enable close monitoring via satellite technology according to Rainforest Alliance (Larrea et al., 2021).
100% of the analyzed VSS (Fairtrade, Rainforest Alliance, Organic, RSPO, ISCC, RTRS, ProTerra, FSC, PEFC) include required criteria for greenhouse gas reduction and carbon emissions (Larrea et al., 2021).
9 Voluntary Sustainability Standards were analyzed operating in agricultural commodities: Fairtrade International, Rainforest Alliance, Organic, RSPO, ISCC, RTRS, ProTerra, FSC and PEFC (Larrea et al., 2021).
4 main forest commodities (cocoa, palm oil, soybean and timber) have been identified as drivers of deforestation and are subject to various VSS (Larrea et al., 2021).
7 main elements comprise the Legality Assurance System (LAS) of VPAs including legality definition, verifiers, supply chain controls, compliance verification, FLEGT licensing, internal inspections and independent evaluation (Larrea et al., 2021).
5 years is the period prior to certification that the Organic standard requires farmers to show they have not converted valuable natural environments to agricultural land (Larrea et al., 2021).
2003 was the year of entry into force of the EU FLEGT regulation that seeks to combat illegal logging and deforestation (Larrea et al., 2021).
