Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies
3 private sustainability standards (RSPO, ISCC and POIG) are required as binding obligation for preferential tariff treatment in Switzerland under CEPA (Larrea et al., 2021).
2005 is the cut-off date established by RSPO for not certifying operations that have converted areas with high biodiversity conservation value after this date (Larrea et al., 2021).
0.5 hectares as minimum area, trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10% define the technical criteria to classify land as forest under the European Deforestation Regulation (Sarmiento, 2025).
12 additional months represents the transition period introduced by the European Union in December 2024, requiring compliance by December 30, 2025, for large and medium-sized companies and by June 30, 2026, for micro and small enterprises (Sarmiento, 2025).
90% of operators that import products within the scope of EUDR are constituted by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), according to European Union data (Sarmiento, 2025).
37% represents the decline in the ratio of government spending on agriculture as compared with the sector's contribution to total economy, decreasing from 0.42 in 2001 to 0.26 in 2017 (Duncan et al., 2022)
This study explores the shift toward a more sustainable oil palm policy in Peru, driven by environmental pressures and tensions with Indigenous peoples. Peru's oil palm policy shifted discursively toward sustainability, albeit without formal approval or Indigenous consultation, which generated tensions in its implementation (La Rosa Salazar, M. A., 2021).
The study identifies contradictions and methodological gaps in research on the Coffee Cultural Landscape, and concludes that its heritage management faces unresolved tensions between institutional discourses and territorial realities (Cruz-Rincón, D. F. , 2024).
Legal frameworks for crop gene editing have been developed in Latin America, considering institutional drivers and policy frameworks. Regulatory gaps are identified, and an approach to strengthening biotechnology governance is proposed (Zarate & Ramírez, 2023).
The certifications in Latin America operate in legally weak contexts, either reinforcing accountability or enabling corruption. It proposes legal reforms to improve governance and public trust (Avesani, 2025).
