Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies
In 2023, the relative internal productivity of the Agriculture sector in Latin America and the Caribbean was 44 (with total productivity coefficient = 100), showing its lag compared to sectors with higher productivity, according to the sectoral graph of the report (ECLAC, 2025).
2,800 million dollars annually represent Mexico's avocado exports to the world, positioning itself as the main global exporter of this fruit, followed by Peru with approximately 1,200 million dollars (Velásquez, A., 2025).
Approximately 9,000 years has the domestication process of Teosinte from Mexico and Central America until becoming the corn we know today, thanks to the systematic selection work by Mesoamerican indigenous peoples (Velásquez, A., 2025).
100 years ago, in the 1920s, American postman and farmer Rudolph Hass created the avocado variety that bears his surname, combining Mexican and Guatemalan genes to obtain superior commercial characteristics (Velásquez, A., 2025).
More than 130 thousand metric tons of avocado are imported from Mexico for guacamole preparation during the American Superbowl, evidencing the cultural and commercial impact of this product in the North American market (Velásquez, A., 2025).
190 thousand million metric tons annually reach the volume of international corn trade, a cereal that evolved from teosinte thanks to domestication by the Aztecs and other indigenous peoples of Mexico and Central America (Velásquez, A., 2025).
Between 7000 and 8000 years B.C. date the records of the origin of avocado in Mexico and Central America, being one of the crops with the greatest archaeological documentation in the American continent (Velásquez, A., 2025).
2.7% agricultural growth in Mexico in the last decade was explained by the higher use of primary factors, while Total Factor Productivity (TFP) grew by 1.2% annually between 2012 and 2021, slightly exceeding the world average (OECD, 2024).
8% is the estimated reduction in the use of plastics which, together with a 5% decrease in certain raw materials, could generate increases in GDP between 0.9% and 2.2% and employment between 1.2% and 2.1% in Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru by 2030.
A 52 % was the growth of U.S. imports from Mexico between 2017 and 2023, reaching a value of US$480 billion (ECLAC, 2024).
