Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies
2 components of inflation, food and energy, could increase in response to an intense El Niño event in Latin America during 2026.
3 strategic crops, maize, sugar and wheat, face production risks associated with El Niño: lower maize and sugar production in Brazil and impacts on part of Argentina's wheat harvest.
US$28.7 billion annually was the average United States investment in new projects in Latin America between 2003 and 2025, while Chinese investment reached US$46 billion in 2025.
3 agricultural products, coffee, beef and peanuts, may be exempt from the new United States tariff, subject to their tariff classification and compliance with rules of origin.
A 12.5% tariff will be imposed by the United States on part of Nicaragua's exports, increasing market-access costs and uncertainty for the export sector.
70% of new United States investment in Latin America since 2003 was concentrated in Brazil, Mexico and Guyana; in 2025 Mexico received US$7.98 billion and Brazil US$6.49 billion.
65% more employment per US$1 billion invested is generated by United States companies compared with Chinese companies, and 22% more compared with European companies.
More than 50 consecutive days of record-high ocean surface temperatures increased the risk of altered rainfall, droughts, floods and heatwaves affecting agricultural production.
4 Central American countries, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, contain extensive areas of the Dry Corridor exposed to prolonged droughts and extreme rainfall associated with El Niño.
4 weeks without rainfall were enough to destroy staple crop plantings in agricultural communities in Guatemala and El Salvador, worsening food insecurity risks.
