Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies
5 years is the period prior to certification that the Organic standard requires farmers to show they have not converted valuable natural environments to agricultural land (Larrea et al., 2021).
3 specific palm oil products (Stearin, Palm oil, Palm kernel oil) are covered by the sustainability provisions of the EFTA-Indonesia CEPA (Larrea et al., 2021).
1 country, Indonesia, is the only one able to issue FLEGT licenses currently for EU market access (Larrea et al., 2021).
2005 is the cut-off date established by RSPO for not certifying operations that have converted areas with high biodiversity conservation value after this date (Larrea et al., 2021).
19 FTAs mention Voluntary Sustainability Standards or related terms such as "eco-labelling", "sustainability standards" or "certifications" according to UNFSS (Larrea et al., 2021).
1.6 billion people rely on forests for their livelihoods according to FAO (Larrea et al., 2021).
80% of terrestrial biodiversity is home to forests according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Larrea et al., 2021).
2.6 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide are absorbed by forests every year, making them critical for climate change mitigation (Larrea et al., 2021).
December 31, 2020 represents the cutoff date from which the regulation applies to deforestation and forest degradation that occurred thereafter (Sarmiento, 2025).
4% of the company's EU turnover in the previous year represents the minimum that fines for non-compliance must reach, calculated based on environmental damage caused and the value of non-compliant products (Sarmiento, 2025).
