Data or statistical facts on the situation and perspectives of agri-food systems and the impact of policies
Between 80% and 90% of forest-related businesses in the majority of developing countries are small and locally operated, with small-scale enterprises accounting for over half of all employment in the forest sector (Sarmiento, 2025).
12 additional months represents the transition period introduced by the European Union in December 2024, requiring compliance by December 30, 2025, for large and medium-sized companies and by June 30, 2026, for micro and small enterprises (Sarmiento, 2025).
Only 2.5% of the final price of coffee reaches farmers for their work in cultivation and harvesting, while the roasting process and marketing represent 90% (EOM, 2024).
Coffee production has increased 75% since 1990 due to the growth of global wealth (EOM, 2024).
Coffee consumption grows between 2% and 2.5% annually (EOM, 2024).
85% of biofuel production in 2030 will come from crops (IEA, 2024).
70,000 million euros per year exceeded Spanish agri-food and fisheries exports for the first time (MAPA, 2024).
The article analyzes the biotechnological potential of the red macroalgae Kappaphycus alvarezii, Acanthophora spicifera, and Hypnea spinella as an ecological alternative for sustainable agriculture in Ecuador. It highlights their bioactive compounds—polysaccharides, amino acids, polyphenols, and phytohormones—which can replace synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. It also highlights that their...
1.6% reached loans to the agricultural sector in LAC in 2020, before decreasing to 1.37% in 2021 (ECLAC et al., 2024).
17% to 45% has been the range of participation of high-tech products among Costa Rica's exports in the last two decades, with 13% of the labor force employed by foreign companies from the zona franca regime (Campos et al., 2024).
