In 2023, the relative internal productivity of the Agriculture sector in Latin America and the Caribbean was 44 (with total productivity coefficient = 100), showing its lag compared to sectors with higher productivity, according to the sectoral graph of the report (ECLAC, 2025).

64.2% of people lived in totally informal households in Nicaragua (OECD, 2024).

7% of forest cover was lost between 1990 and 2020 in Latin America and the Caribbean, equivalent to 138 million hectares, highlighting the scale of landscape degradation in the region and the urgency of advancing large-scale restoration and conservation efforts (World Resources Institute, 2024).

The Great Forests of Mesoamerica (GFM) Program is a five-year (2023–2027) European Union initiative under the #TeamEurope approach to strengthen the protection and sustainable use of Mesoamerica’s great forests and other relevant areas such as the Trifinio Region. Its overall objective is to improve conservation and sustainability through four components: (1) data and transparency for decision-making, (2) forest governance and biodiversity conservation, (3) sustainable and deforestation-free production and trade, and (4) environmental rights and forest defense. The program operates at regional, national and sub-national levels, combining technical assistance, work with regional partners, and cascading grants with local partners. It is designed to complement national and sub-national actions and to integrate synergies with more than 100 ongoing actions across Mesoamerican forests. Additionally, it includes a Program Secretariat within the #EURECA framework to ensure coordination, coherence and alignment with the EU’s strategic objectives in the region.

The project develops and validates methodologies to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in dual-purpose livestock systems in Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama, combining indirect analyses based on IPCC (2006) guidelines with experimental studies in pastures and direct measurements of enteric methane. By classifying farms according to their level of intensification, the initiative assesses CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O emissions, their relationship with productivity, and key economic factors, demonstrating that farms with improved forage management and supplementation generate lower emissions per unit of product. In addition to producing local emission factors and more accurate Tier 2 calculation tools, the project strengthens producer capacities through training activities, promoting sustainable and competitive livestock systems with low GHG emissions.

The project aimed to improve the living conditions of plantain-producing rural communities in four Latin American and Caribbean countries through the introduction, validation, and adoption of technological innovations in primary production, agro-industrial processing, and plantain marketing. The initiative promoted the modernization of production systems by implementing technologies to increase productivity, reduce post-harvest losses, strengthen local capacities in agro-industrial processing (chips, flours, dehydrated products), and reinforce value chains through business organization, marketing strategies, and improved access to markets.

Law No. 462 establishes the legal framework for the conservation, promotion and sustainable development of the forestry sector in Nicaragua, based on natural forest management, plantation promotion and forest area protection. It creates the National Forestry Administration System (SNAF) integrated by public and private entities, with the National Forestry Institute (INAFOR) as the executing body under MAGFOR's leadership. It establishes fiscal incentives to promote forest plantations, sustainable management of natural forests and restoration of degraded areas, including exemptions from municipal taxes and income tax. It defines the regulatory framework for forestry harvesting permits, management plans, forest product transportation and concessions on state lands. The law also creates the National Forestry Development Fund (FONADEFO) to finance promotion programs and establishes a system of infractions and administrative sanctions to ensure compliance with forestry regulations.

The Constitutive Agreement of the Central American Commission on Environment and Development is a regional agreement signed in San José on December 12, 1989, by the Presidents of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, establishing a regional cooperation regime for the optimal and rational use of natural resources, pollution control, and restoration of ecological balance in Central America. The Agreement creates CCAD as an executive entity responsible for directing and administering this regime, with the mandate to formulate strategies to promote environmentally sustainable development, develop action plans, valorize and protect the regional natural heritage characterized by its high biological and ecosystem diversity, and strengthen national environmental management institutions. The institutional structure comprises the Commission integrated by governmental representatives, a rotating annual Presidency, an executive Secretariat, ad-hoc technical commissions, and a patrimonial fund formed by State contributions and international donations. The Agreement establishes priority action areas including environmental education, protection of shared watersheds and ecosystems, tropical forest management, urban pollution control, and toxic substance management, promoting participatory, democratic, and decentralized environmental management in the Central American region.

The Agreement establishes a comprehensive framework for political dialogue and cooperation between the European Union and six Central American countries (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama) signed in Rome on December 15, 2003, and published in the Official Journal of the European Union on April 15, 2014. This legal instrument strengthens bilateral relations through the promotion of democratic principles, human rights, rule of law, and sustainable development. The Agreement covers key areas such as Central American regional integration, poverty reduction, trade, economic cooperation, environmental protection, and management of shared challenges including migration, illicit drugs, and terrorism. It constitutes a strategic partnership that replaces the 1993 Framework Cooperation Agreement and prepares conditions for future negotiations of free trade agreements between both regions.

The project develops and validates methodologies to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in dual-purpose livestock systems in Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama, combining indirect analyses based on IPCC (2006) guidelines with experimental studies in pastures and direct measurements of enteric methane. By classifying farms according to their level of intensification, the initiative assesses CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O emissions, their relationship with productivity, and key economic factors, demonstrating that farms with improved forage management and supplementation generate lower emissions per unit of product. In addition to producing local emission factors and more accurate Tier 2 calculation tools, the project strengthens producer capacities through training activities, promoting sustainable and competitive livestock systems with low GHG emissions.

The project's main objective is to increase resilience to food crises and events related to climate change (CC) among households in the Dry Corridor of Nicaragua. The project aims to build the capacities of local and regional actors to respond to climate risks and shocks, such as drought.

This project developed and validated a regional system of physical, economic, social, and environmental indicators to assess the sustainability of dairy production in 11 countries, with trials on pilot farms and training for technicians and producers. Its importance lies in generating comparable methodologies and monitoring tools (such as OLE! and Monitor Lechero 2) that enable countries to measure, analyze, and improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the dairy chain at the regional level.